the human
heart
today let's talk about the sign of love
the heart
in this video you will learn the basic
principles
about pressure and blood flow the basic
structure
function and anatomy of heart the three
layers of heart muscle tissue
the four chambers of the heart and
finally
the four valves of the heart
now let's talk about the basic
principles about pressure and blood flow
first of all in the heart the blood
flows from higher pressure to lower
pressure
similarly the walls open and close
according to these pressure gradients
now you got to always remember that the
volume equals pressure
higher the blood volume higher the
pressure
and lower the blood volume lower the
pressure
and finally contraction increases the
pressure
and relaxation decreases the pressure
now that we are done with the basic
principles let's talk about the basic
anatomy of the heart
as we all know that heart is a muscular
organ which pumps blood through the
vessels of your body
let's try to label the following diagram
to get a basic idea of anatomy of heart
here we have a cross section of a human
heart
this is the pericardium the myogardium
the left atrium the left ventricle
the right atrium and the right ventricle
we have the walls the tricuspid valve
the bicuspid valve
the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve
we also have the inferior vena cava
the right pulmonary veins the right
pulmonary artery
the superior vena cava and of course the
aorta
and the left pulmonary arteries along
with
left pulmonary veins
after discussing the basic anatomy of
the heart let's talk about what the
cardiac muscle is made of so
what are the three layers of the heart
muscle the heart is composed of a
specialized type of muscle tissue
known as the cardiac muscle narcotic
muscle is a striated muscle that is
present
only in the heart the heart muscle is
composed of three layers
the outer layer the middle layer and the
inner layer the epicardium outer layer
prevents excess
expansion or movement of the heart the
myocardium middle layer
initiates contractions driving the
cardiac cycle and the endocardium inner
layer
lines the cavities and the valves
cardiac muscle tissue is involuntary and
controlled by the autonomic nervous
system
heart tissue is made up of specialized
cells called cardiomyocytes and together
they are responsible for pumping the
heart
which we will discuss in a separate
lecture of electrical conduction
system of the heart now that we're done
with the cardiac muscle it's turned for
the four chambers of heart
we have an animation on the right for
your visual understanding
as we all know the heart is made up of
four chambers two upper chambers
known as the left atrium and the right
atrium and of course the two lower
chambers
known as the left ventricle and the
right ventricle
there's no fun in explaining that the
right heart receives the oxygen poor
blood from the body
through the pulmonary circulation and
the left heart
pumps out the oxygen rich blood to the
body
through the systemic circulation it is
that simple actually
now take a look at the diagram again to
get a visual limit so you can get a
better understanding
now after the four chambers it's turned
for the four valves of the heart
we do have a diagram on the right for
your visual understanding
just like four chambers there are four
valves one for each chamber of the heart
these valves keep the blood moving
through the heart in the right direction
these four valves are called the
bicuspid valve also known as the mitral
valve
the tricuspid valve also known as the
right atrioventrical valve
the aortic valve and of course the
pulmonary valve the aortic and pulmonary
valves are also known as semilunar
valves
the bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve
are located between the atriums and the
ventricles
whereas the aortic valve and the
pulmonary valve are located between the
ventricles
and the major blood vessels leaving the
heart such as the aorta
and the pulmonary artery we will have a
separate lecture on pulmonary
circulation
and systemic circulation to explain you
exactly the entire circuit of the blood
flow
where you will learn how the
deoxygenated blood passes through the
lungs
via pulmonary circulation to get
oxygenated and eventually
and ultimately gets pumped out to the
rest of the body through the systemic
circulation
this concludes our lecture for today we
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