Some Toyota vehicles are equipped
with a Dynamic Force gasoline engine.
These engines were specifically designed for application
in Toyota's New Global Architecture, also known as TNGA.
These engines are a key component
in the TNGA platform's fun-to-drive characteristics.
Dynamic Force engines combine the latest Toyota technologies
and provide the right balance between performance,
fuel economy and durability, which makes them a solid choice
for daily driving duties.
These engines use a cast aluminum block for weight reduction
and enhanced fuel efficiency.
Thanks to the ultra-low friction internal components
along with advanced Toyota internal combustion technologies,
Dynamic Force engines deliver
a world-class thermal efficiency.
Dynamic Force engines are designed to improve
the speed of combustion process and minimize energy losses,
these motors have a longer
than a typical conventional engine stroke
and a higher compression ratio
for improved thermal efficiency.
The angle between the exhaust
and the intake valves has been widened,
while the intake port shape has been changed
to provide a more direct airflow path
to create a tumble flow, a more controlled swirl pattern
in the combustion chamber that distributes
the air-fuel mixture more evenly
ahead of the compression phase.
This benefits power and efficiency.
To optimize combustion, a combined fuel injection system,
D4S, is employed.
It uses both direct and port injection
and controls fuel injectors for best performance,
fuel economy and lowest emissions,
depending on the engine load.
In light to medium load engine ranges,
both Direct and Port injectors are used together
to provide an optimal air-fuel mixture
for lower fuel consumption and emissions.
When the engine is under heavier loads,
only the direct injection is used
to improve fuel-air charging efficiency,
help avoid engine knock and increase its output.
Dynamic Force engines use a Variable Control System
to effectively manage and optimize combustion
while minimizing energy losses.
Dual VVT-i and VVT-iE systems are employed
to effectively control the intake and exhaust valve timing.
The VVT-iE system is installed on the exhaust valve side
and uses an electric motor instead of the oil pressure,
this allows the system to effectively control
the valve timing and prevent engine knock
even at low engine speeds, at low temperature
with low oil pressure.
Such a wide range of timing adjustments
for both intake and exhaust valves
results in improved fuel economy, increased engine output
and reduced emissions by supporting operation
within both the Atkinson and Otto thermodynamic cycles.
The thermal management of the engine is performed
using a variable cooling system with an electric water pump,
an electronically controlled thermostat
and flow shutting valves.
The amount of coolant flowing to the engine, radiator,
cabin heater core and transmission oil cooler
is intelligently controlled by the system
to deliver a faster engine, transmission and cabin warmup
or cooling depending on the situation.
When the engine is cold and the pistons
do not require additional cooling,
the electronically controlled variable oil pump
will adjust the oil pressure and stop the oil jets
in the cylinder block to warm the engine up faster,
reduce fuel consumption and emissions.
To improve engine durability and accommodate
for the increased cylinder pressure and thermal load,
the combustion chambers have been reinforced.
A water jacket spacer is used in the cylinder block
to optimize the coolant flow
and keep the temperature uniform,
enhancing cooling performance and suppressing engine knock.
The oil drain paths in the cylinder block are adjacent
to the water jackets, contributing to a faster engine warmup
and improving thermal exchange to reduce the oil temperature
under high load or when idling, further enhancing
the durability of the Dynamic Force engines.
Dynamic Force engines combine Toyota's latest advancements
in engine development to deliver a rapid combustion
along with the world-class thermal efficiency
for enhanced output, fuel economy and reduced emissions.
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