hello lovely students and welcome back
to english with lucy today i've got a
really important grammar video for you
we're going to talk about who
whom whose and whose which one do we use
and when
this is a topic that confuses even
native english speakers we are going to
cover all of the usages today
and to go along with this lesson i have
created a free pdf it contains
everything we're going to talk about
today plus a quiz so you can put what
you learned today into practice if you
would like to download that free pdf
just click on the link in the
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time right let's get started with the
lesson as i said if you can master this
you'll be ahead of many native speakers
i'm pretty sure if you walked up to a
native speaker in the street and i don't
recommend you do this and you ask them
the differences between these words
a lot of them would be quite confused so
let's do this we'll start with who and
whom
this confuses so many people once you
know the rules they're quite easy to use
and pleasantly the rule is actually
quite simple unlike many english rules
the difference between who and whom is
the same as the difference between i and
me
he and him
she and her
and they and them who
is a subject pronoun like i
whom is an object pronoun like me this
all sounds
very grammatical so let's take a look at
some examples to clear up any doubts we
have who it's a subject pronoun it
refers to the person who is doing the
action the subject who is coming to the
party
who lives here if you want to check if
you're using who correctly in these
sorts of sentences try answering the
question with another subject pronoun
who is coming to the party she is coming
to the party you wouldn't say her is
coming to the party who lives here
they live here you wouldn't say them
live here that's a good quick fix to
check if you're using this in the right
way we also use who in indirect
questions along with the direct
questions that we saw just now do you
know who is coming with us could you
tell me who that woman is and we use who
in relative clauses these are clauses
that tell us more about a person or a
thing my sister who lives in new york is
a doctor in relative clauses we use
relative pronouns to refer to the person
or the thing
and in relative clauses who is the
relative pronoun who is a relative
pronoun that we use to refer to the
subject of the clause to check if you're
using this relative clause correctly you
can remove it and see if the sentence
still makes sense my sister
is a doctor it makes sense you can also
isolate the who clause and insert she
she lives in new york another example
she is the teacher who told me i would
fail maths we can replace who with she
and isolate it she told me i would fail
maths it still works we're using it
correctly and finally who is used in
reported speech
she told me who was coming
they asked who was arriving first there
is so much more to say about reported
speech so if you feel you need to brush
up on your reported speech skills and
understanding then i have another video
dedicated to the topic i've left a link
in the description box now let's move on
to the topic of whom
this is the word that really gets people
confused as we said it's an object
pronoun
it receives the action of the sentence
let's take a look at a sentence with an
object pronoun she went to the park with
him him there is the object pronoun now
if you wanted to know who her companion
was you could say who whom did she go to
the park with another example
whom would you prefer to have as manager
how can you check if this is correct
well by answering the question with
another object pronoun i would prefer to
have her as a manager whom
her you can't say i'd prefer to have she
as a manager it's her so we use who now
in real life conversations
native english speakers
tend to neglect who
and that's okay it's seen as very
old-fashioned as very formal
and to be quite honest most native
speakers don't understand it in fact
before i started teaching english and
learning how to use grammar i personally
didn't understand it myself you'd be
much more likely to hear who would you
rather have as a manager don't stress
yourself out about the word whom
use it if you like the sound of it if
you like to sound formal and a little
bit old-fashioned lots of people do like
that
but it's perfectly fine to not use it i
always think that it's really nice to
understand these things and then you
have a choice about whether you use it
or not another thing about whom is that
we should always use it with a
preposition for example
whom did you give that present to or to
whom did you give that present well that
does sound very posh whom are you
cooking dinner for or for whom are you
cooking dinner the second version of
those questions with the preposition at
the beginning is technically more
grammatically correct
but
you're not going to hear many native
english speakers using this most
wouldn't ask a question like this normal
conversation you might hear it in an
old-fashioned drama like
bridgeton or downton abbey but it's not
how we speak in modern daily life we
would simply say who did you give that
present to
who are you cooking dinner for we can
also use whom in relative clauses when
we are referring to the object of the
clause julio whom we met on the plane is
spanish whom is the object of met we met
julio or we met him if the relative
clause includes a preposition we use
whom tanya is the woman from whom i
received a letter oh my lord that sounds
like an incredibly formal sentence to me
i know so many of you want to learn to
use the word whom i've been asked about
it a hell of a lot it's not a useless
word
um it's good to understand it in films
it's nice to use it if you want to sound
formal and if you want to sound a bit
posh it's a good word to use correctly
in written english you could really
impress an examiner let's take a look at
a few more examples of who and whom
together before we move on to who's and
whose
who made this delicious cake
he made this delicious cake whom are you
going to greece with or with whom are
you going to greece
i'm going to greece with him object
pronoun she has a daughter who is a
pilot her daughter to whom she is very
close is a pilot remember if you want to
see more examples and practice on your
own and take exercise questions download
that pdf the link is in the description
box okay let's move on to the good part
we have a really quick fix here who's as
in apostrophe s and whose as in s e both
of these words are versions of the word
who whose with an apostrophe s is a
contraction it's a contraction of the
words who is
or who has whose with an s e is a
possessive pronoun like his or mine
whose listen to the pronunciation of
these two words
whose
who's
whose do you notice the difference
because there shouldn't be one
they are pronounced in exactly the same
way it's just the spelling that's
different these words are homophones
they're spelt differently but they have
the same pronunciation let's take a
closer look at who's with apostrophe s
as i said it's a contraction of who is
who's or who has whose you should be
able to tell from the context of a
sentence whether that apostrophe s is
is
or has who's that man sitting over there
who is that man sitting over there who's
been to paris before who has been to
paris before we use who's a lot in
questions we can also use it in normal
sentences like these that's the lecturer
who's giving a talk later on who is
giving a talk later on she's the person
who's been sending me all of those
letters who has been sending me all of
those letters and finally whose with s e
we most often use this in sentences when
we are asking to whom something belongs
bonus example of whom there whose dog is
that
whose cupcakes are these you can answer
both of these questions with the
possessive pronoun
my that is my dog
those are my cupcakes and there you have
it who whom whose and whose you should
now understand how to use them correctly
some of that information especially the
part about whom
is actually quite complex so we have
created that lesson pdf it's got
everything in there in writing you can
take it at your own pace and you can
take the quiz at the end of it to check
that you fully understand what we've
spoken about today if you'd like to
download that free pdf and quiz click on
the link in the description box enter
your name and your email address and you
sign up my mailing list the pdf will
arrive directly in your inbox that's it
for today's lesson i hope you enjoyed it
and i hope you learned something don't
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courses there are lots there to choose
from i will see you soon for another
lesson but don't feel pressured to use
it because seriously we just
don't delete that
i can't believe i managed to turn home
into a motivational speech
you have a choice giulio
julio julion if the relative clause
are includes of the word who what about
whom what about whose
you can answer both of these questions
with the possessive
english country sided controlled sided i
i
also got my challenge
right okay
27 minutes not too bad
[Music]
you