NARRATOR: All around the world,
the faces of popular conservation efforts
are creatures you already know, and perhaps love.
But in the Southeastern United States,
people are on a mission to protect two remarkable animals
that are just as worthy.
They're just a little less, furry.
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CHRIS: You might think of things such as lions and bears.
But we have these endangered reptiles that are so important.
We should all care about eastern indigo snakes,
gopher tortoises,
just like we care about wolves and tigers.
We need to try to work to save all of them.
♪
Indigo snakes are the largest native snake
we have in North America.
I like to call them a predator of predators.
♪
It's a snake-eating snake.
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These are animals that keep predator populations
from exploding, keeping the world in balance.
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NARRATOR: Indigos use strength, not venom,
to overpower their prey.
But with humans, they are harmless, even docile.
CHRIS: I can put a seven- and-a-half foot snake
in the hands of a three-year-old child.
They really become almost like a gentle giant.
They're also one of the most beautiful snakes
that we have on the planet.
♪
They're just great ambassadors for snakes in general.
♪
Unfortunately,
their populations have declined significantly.
Indigo snakes are listed
on the Endangered Species Act as threatened.
♪
NARRATOR: The greatest threat indigo snakes face
is the loss of wild habitat to development.
As their range has diminished,
each remaining pocket becomes more critical.
Those to the north have harsh winters, and here,
the snakes rely on another reptile's ingenuity to survive.
(birds chirping)
♪
CHRIS: Gopher tortoises are one of the best examples
in the world of a keystone species.
NARRATOR: That means they help maintain the abundance
and diversity of other species in the ecosystem.
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CHRIS: So I would say, perhaps more than- than any animal,
you know, it excites me to find these guys.
'Cause I really,
I kind of think of 'em as like the glue
that holds everything together.
♪
These front legs are really like large spades.
Like a gopher, they end up digging into the ground,
and they end up creating these burrows
that go maybe 20, 30 feet.
NARRATOR: The burrows are what help indigos
survive the winter.
♪
CHRIS: Once you get to those depths,
the temperatures are much warmer than the surface.
NARRATOR: The burrows don't just help snakes.
CHRIS: Over 350 species of other animals.
Insects, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians.
They use the burrow that the tortoise creates.
Without this animal,
hundreds of other animals would disappear.
The indigo snakes need the tortoises.
They need the burrows.
NARRATOR: The snakes, in turn,
are vital to other creatures.
Without them, the predators they keep in check,
venomous vipers and bird eaters, would multiply,
reducing prey
and throwing the ecosystem further off balance.
♪
Both of these reptiles are stewards of this forest.
But for them to thrive, the forest they live in must too.
CHRIS: The longleaf pine is really a special thing.
Almost like a gem of the South.
NARRATOR: Over time, that jewel has lost its luster.
Longleaf pine savannas once blanketed
the American Southeast.
(machinery whirring)
But centuries of deforestation, construction,
and road building have decimated them.
♪
CHRIS: We were at a point not so long ago,
where we were down to say three percent
of the original ecosystem.
♪
And when those landscapes become fragmented,
it can become a real problem.
Every year, here in South Georgia,
snakes are found dead crossing roads.
♪
You can't just conserve the indigo snake in a vacuum.
You need to care about the longleaf pine.
You need to care about tortoises.
You need to care about the whole ecosystem.
♪
NARRATOR: Chris helps lead
a three-pronged conservation strategy.
♪
Step one.
Buy up the most important tortoise habitat in Georgia.
CHRIS: This looks like a pretty good burrow.
Why don't we scope this one?
NARRATOR: His team searches for tortoise hotspots,
then monitors hundreds of burrows for activity.
CHRIS: We have almost half of the gopher tortoises
in the state of Georgia,
now protected in some form of conservation land.
RYNE: Got a tortoise!
CHRIS: Nice! That's exciting.
RYNE: Definitely.
♪
CHRIS: Oh, that's great. You can see its face.
NARRATOR: Step two is to restore the forest
where necessary.
CHRIS: We've planted somewhere between half a million
and a million longleaf pines.
It's a huge accomplishment.
But we're also trying to restore the ground cover.
NARRATOR: A healthy longleaf pine savanna has ample room
between trees for a rich variety of vegetation to flourish.
♪
Right at tortoise height.
CHRIS: All of the grasses and forbs
are those important green groceries
that the tortoise feeds on.
♪
NARRATOR: Left unchecked,
other trees can move in and block sunlight
from reaching this understory.
CHRIS: So if we wanna have habitat for gopher tortoises
and indigo snakes, we need to use an important tool.
Fire.
♪
NARRATOR: These pine forests naturally burned
every two or three years,
until people began suppressing the wildfires.
♪
CHRIS: This is the smell and the feel of conservation in action.
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If we never burned this tract of land,
a lot of other species that would've shade out
all of those native grasses and forbs,
then the tortoise would leave.
♪
NARRATOR: Creatures that evolved in this landscape
can cope with these passing blazes.
Some, with help from the tortoises.
♪
This healthy habitat, full of burrows, tortoises and trees,
is essential for the final step
in the indigo conservation effort.
Increasing the number of snakes.
♪
The Orianne Center for Indigo Conservation
is the only facility of its kind in the world.
And it's where the future of the species is being secured.
♪
Dr. James Bogan breeds indigos
to repopulate areas where they've died off.
♪
JAMES: This breeding program is the hope for the future.
Right now we have 123 eggs.
When they start hatching, that's the best, you know,
you start seeing the- the babies come out, and all right,
I know that one's gonna make it.
It really makes this all worth it.
NARRATOR: Caretakers hand raise every snake
for the first two years of its life.
♪
JAMES: They feed them, they care for them.
They clean up after them.
They- they get 'em ready,
growing up, ready to take on the world.
♪
This little fella here is destined
to be released back in the wild.
On the release day, we'll go up to those individual burrows,
and one at a time, place the snake into the burrow.
The indigo snake will go back
to the same burrow every winter.
We got the news that they're seeing babies in the wild.
They're growing up and making babies of their own.
That's what the whole project's about.
This is the future of the wild population.
Does make me proud. (James laughing)
♪
CHRIS: Working together, we can scale up our impact.
♪
We've now released over 300 indigo snakes into the wild.
We're restoring tortoise populations.
And we're restoring our longleaf forests.
We have a lot of great signs that give us hope.
♪